Bruehl
General information: First Jewish presence: 1177; peak Jewish population: 168 in 1911; Jewish population in 1933: 101
Summary:
In 1853, the Jews of Bruehl were recognized as a semiindependent
Jewish community within the regional
community of Frechen. The independent Jewish community
of Bruehl was founded in 1874.
Records from 1371 mention a Jewish cemetery, and we
also know that the town was home to prayer halls (in private
residences) in 1425 and in 1450. The modern community
established a synagogue—it seated 150 worshipers—in
1882 and an elementary school in, at the latest, the 1820s.
The school closed in the 1830s, after which the community
employed a teacher of religion who also served as chazzan
and shochet; beginning in the
1920s, religious instruction
was provided by teachers from
Cologne.
In 1933, 12 schoolchildren
studied religion in Bruehl.
A women’s association and a
chevra kadisha were active in
the community, with which
the 11 Jews of Pingsdorf were
affiliated.
Bruehl’s synagogue was
burned down on Pogrom Night,
and property and furniture in
Jewish businesses and homes
were destroyed. Several Jews were
beaten, and all men under the age
of 60 were arrested and forced to
board up broken windows, after Dachau. In 1939, the synagogue site was sold to a local resident
who cleared the ruins.
Local Jews were used as forced laborers beginning in
1939. Later, in 1941, the remaining Jews were moved into
three so-called “Jews’ houses.”
More than 50 Jews moved to Bruehl after 1933. Twentyone
local Jews emigrated, 81 relocated within Germany and
four passed away in Bruehl. In 1942, 22 Jews were deported,
via Cologne, to the East; and in 1944, local Jews who were
married to Christians were deported to Theresienstadt. At
least 69 Bruehl Jews perished in the Shoah.
A memorial plaque was unveiled at the former synagogue
site after 1960. The cemetery was desecrated in 1981.
Author / Sources: Nurit Borut
Sources: EJL, JB
Sources: EJL, JB
Located in: north-rhine-westphalia