Billigheim
General information: First Jewish presence: 1510; peak Jewish population: 109 in 1858 (10% of the total population); Jewish population in 1933: 35
Summary:
The first available record of a Jewish family in Billigheim
is dated 1510. It was not, however, until 1710, when Jews
were granted residency rights, that Jewish residents were
again mentioned in the town’s records. For most of the 19th
century, Billigheim’s Jewish population was approximately
100, a number that dwindled to approximately 70 in the
early 20th century and to less than 40 after World War I. Records from 1842 mention a synagogue that had been
established “approximately 80 years ago,” allowing us to
estimate that the synagogue on 170 Fuerthstrasse had been
inaugurated in or around 1742 (20 years after local Jews
formed a minyan). We also know that the town was home to a
Jewish school and a mikveh, and that burials were conducted
in in Ingenheim.
Thirty-five Jews, most of whom were cattle dealers and
shop owners, lived in Billigheim in 1933. Later, on Pogrom
Night, when only 16 Jews lived in Billigheim, the synagogue
building was set on fire; the SS and SA prevented attempts to
extinguish the blaze, and the building burned to the ground.
All local Jewish men were arrested on Pogrom Night.
In 1942, the town’s remaining five Jews were deported to
the concentration camp in Gurs, France. Fourteen Billigheim
Jews perished in the Shoah, nine of them at Auschwitz.
Billigheim no longer has a Jewish community. A
memorial plaque commemorates the former synagogue
and community.
Author / Sources: Benjamin Rosendahl
Sources: AJ, EJL, LJG, SG-RPS, YV
Sources: AJ, EJL, LJG, SG-RPS, YV
Located in: rhineland-palatinate